***Disclaimer: this is going to be a long
one***
I
somewhat recently “came out” in full support for Equality (do not
misunderstand this phrasing – I am very much in love with my wife…who is
female) - this has been a long time coming, and I quietly supported
marriage equality for a while before I “came out” publicly in support of
it. I haven’t had too much questioning about this, which is somewhat
of a surprise to me, and I have found some support in this that I didn’t
expect. And ever since I "came out", I wondered if I should write
something about why I support equality, but felt that there is plenty of
material out there I could point people to, and so I didn't feel like I
could add much to the discussion to be honest.
However,
there are recent events going on that make me feel like I need to be
part of this discussion in a direct, personal way. And I have talked to
a few people who are close to me, and this made me feel that perhaps my
position is not clearly understood. So all of this has motivated me to
try to compile my own thoughts on the subject. So I have taken the
time to try to compose a full argument for why I have taken this
position, so that in the future I can use my own arguments when faced
with this ongoing debate.
First
off, I must stress that I did not always hold this position. I need
you to understand that I came from a conservative background, and
considered homosexuality to be a sin. And I also need you to understand
that I am a very stubborn and proud man, who trusts in his own
intellect and intelligence maybe a little too much. I tell you this
because you must understand that arriving at the position I am now in
did not come lightly or easily, but was a long battle – a wrestling
match between me and the Lord. And I need you to understand how this
process started.
Love Is Where It Starts
It
started with compassion. It started with empathy. I was friends with a
couple of individuals who convinced me for the first time that being
gay was not a choice - you see, much of the logic behind opposing
acceptance of homosexuality and marriage equality hinges on this idea
that homosexuality is a conscious choice of rebellion against God, much
like deciding to forsake propriety and participating in druken revelry
at college would be a choice. But when you actually put faces to this
supposed sin of choice, you might come to a different conclusion, as I
did.
The
first individual that caused me to question this idea that
homosexuality is a choice was a man we will call T. T was a fellow
student at my alma mater, and he had decided to leave the Presbyterian
Church and join the Catholic Church. I asked him about this one time,
and he basically told me he thought the Presbyterian Church had sucked
all the mystery out of the Christian faith, and he was attracted to the
mysticism of the Catholic Church that put the wonder back into his
faith. I was intrigued by this. But later on I found out something
else about T. I found out T was gay. It’s funny, because someone had
asked me about this, and I insisted it was not true. Well, it couldn’t
be, right? Because all gays have an agenda to undermine Christianity,
right? They hate Christianity, right? They’re in direct rebellion
against God and are refusing to repent of their sin, right? So why
would someone who was gay come to a Christian college? And why would
they choose to be part of a church (any church)? Then I later found out
through another friend that T was, in fact, gay, and was planning on
being a priest. He was planning to be celibate. This was even more
curious to me – being gay was a choice, right? So, if he was struggling
with this, why would he choose to be celibate rather than just…choosing
to be straight? If he chose to be straight he wouldn’t have to deny
himself the pleasure of a committed relationship, right? Meeting, and
knowing T, presented logical conundrums that flew in the face of my old
belief system about what being gay was, and who gay people were.
But
this was not the only event that caused conundrums for me, because
later on I met another individual who caused cognitive dissonance for
me. And I think that God allowed me to discover this person’s situation
at a very opportune time when my heart would be softened. You see,
during college I was going through a time where I was experiencing a lot
of heartbreak, and I was experiencing doubt. And after college, I
continued to feel these doubts, and eventually I left the church behind.
I told myself this was for good – I was so frustrated that I didn’t
want anything to do with the church at all. But secretly, in my deep
subconscious, I wanted people to try to bring me back. I wanted people
to reach out to me. And God sent someone I didn’t expect. He actually
answered my unspoken prayer, but I didn’t understand it until later.
Immediately after the first Sunday I skipped church after making this
decision, an individual we’ll call D asked me where I had been that
Sunday. When I told him what was going on, he immediately wanted to
meet. I knew he was going to try to bring me back “into the fold”, and I
girded myself up for this. But I was not prepared for how he was going
to do this. D came out of the closet to me, and told me some of his
story. He was a minister’s son, and had fought these “sinful urges”,
but eventually told his father about them. And this had caused much
damage in their relationship. D had gone back and forth all his life
between trying to “pray away the gay” and giving in to his “sinful
urges”. As he told me about his sexuality I realized that I should’ve
known all along. I realized what I had been watching since I knew him
was a man trying very, very hard to look…well not just to look, but to
BE a straight man. But that’s not who he was. And while he tried to be
straight, all he was doing was putting a mask on and playing a part. I
believe God brought D into my life at precisely this point because he
knew I would be fully prepared to throw out the false teaching that
being gay is a choice. D wanted me to come back to church because he
needed a friend who knew what he was struggling with and was willing to
accept him anyways and bear the burden with him. Unfortunately, I was
not in a good position to accept God for who He was, and I did not
embrace my friendship with D as I should have. I didn’t reject him or
send him packing, but I felt so hurt by the church at this point that I
wanted absolutely nothing to do with it, and so my friendship with D
simply faded away slowly. We saw each other a few times after this, but
other than that, it just faded away. This is something I deeply regret
now.
Now
you have to understand that because I had left the church in the way I
had, originally my encounters with homosexuality became fuel for the
fire that was my anger against God. Originally I thought to myself
things like “look at how this God predestines some people to be unable
to follow His law, and then condemns them for not following it! Yeah,
that’s a loving, just God! Why would ANYONE want to follow this God?!
Well, they want the door prize – they want to escape Hell and go to His
special place for self-righteous bigots in the sky! But I want no part
of it! I can’t worship a God with a warped sense of justice like
that!” Obviously, this was a misunderstanding of God’s character. But I
didn’t realize how warped this understanding was until later.
Looking At The Arguments Against Equality
Ok,
before I make Biblical arguments, I’d like to try something. This will
be hard for some of you, but I’d like to turn off your religious way of
thinking for a bit here. Let’s stick to just logic. I know that some
of my readers might balk at this – ask yourself: is God reasonable? Did
He create an orderly universe? Does He want us to be reasonable? Does
He want us to argue logically, or just use idealism? If you think God
wants us to turn off our brains, you may as well stop reading here,
because it’s useless for us to continue.
Actually, the Bible supports the idea of looking at others’ arguments. I Thessalonians 5:19-22
says “do not quench the Spirit. Do not treat prophecies with contempt
but test them all; hold on to what is good, reject every kind of evil.”
Unfortunately, this teaching has too often been ignored by modern
Christians, and as a result Christianity has become awfully cultish.
You might think that sounds harsh, but you should ask: what’s the
difference between a cult and a religion? A cult says “don’t get your
truth anywhere else – get your truth here and here only.” And we’ve
become cultish in that listening to people outside our “circle of truth”
is all too often discouraged, unless you are very well indoctrinated
into the ideas of your circle, and then the only reason to listen is so
that you can prove others wrong. And that’s not the purpose of
listening either – we need to humble ourselves and truly test all
prophecies for truth.
I,
personally, find the situation with the debate over a Biblical attitude
towards homosexuality to be similar in ways to the debate on slavery.
Because you have to remember that at the time of the Civil War, both
sides absolutely thought God was on their side. Both sides pointed to
passages in scripture to support their views on slavery. Today, you'd
be hard pressed to find a Bible believing Christian who would support
slavery (at least in America), but we have to remember that a majority
of Christians thought it was actually anti-Biblical to not
be supportive of slavery for a very long time. So the question is -
how can we be sure we don't have similar problems today, where we're
using the Bible to support reprehensible practices? I think the answer
is that we need to listen to various perspectives, and to take a good
hard look at the historical cultural context of the scriptures in order
to understand what was going on and what the message was, as well as to
take a good look into the language and translational issues.
Ok,
so let’s look at some of the arguments that opponents have used in the
courts against equality, shall we? One of the common arguments is that
if we legalize gay marriage, it will harm straight marriages. But this
should immediately set off alarm bells in your logical brains. First
off, do you even know who lives in the house at the end of your
street? In today’s day and age, I’d guess that most of my readers do
not. I don’t really know anyone on our street, though I have met some
of them and talked to some of them. But we don’t have that community
life that America once had (at least, I heard it used to be like that).
So how on earth does it make a difference if Jim and Fred at the end of
your street, whom you haven’t even met, got married? How does that
harm your heterosexual marriage? Second of all – there are homosexual
people in other countries, even other states in our country, who are
getting married: how is that harming your marriage to your heterosexual
partner? This argument simply does not hold water! If homosexual
marriage is legalized, this simply will not affect existing marriages
nor will it affect future marriages – there simply is not a case to be
made otherwise. Until someone can make a compelling argument as to how
Jim and Fred’s marriage will harm someone other than Jim and Fred, the
government has no business saying they should not be allowed to marry.
Then
there is the whole argument that follows this one: if homosexual
marriage is legalized, religious leaders who are against it will be
forced to marry homosexuals. Um…can’t they just say no? Legalizing
something is not the same as saying people must do it.
Ah,
but what about the children, you say. Ok, good question. Opponents of
equality have long argued that having two same-sex parents would be
psychologically harmful to the children. But here’s the problem with
that – say there is a heterosexual marriage with children, and one of
the parents died. Should we take away the kids and put them under the
care of the state? No? Well…then how is that single parent situation
better than two parents who are the same sex? Also, you might want to
read this article
which describes why the American Academy of Pediatrics has declared
their support for same sex marriage. It seems to me that before
engaging in claims based on nothing but hubris, we ought to study what
psychological experts are actually saying, and we ought to watch how
their opinions are changing and taking new shape throughout the years
that homosexuality is becoming a more visible and prominent issue in
society.
Now,
debunking these arguments alone makes a compelling case for why the
government has no business restricting same sex marriage, as long as
we’re leaving religious reasons out of the case. But let’s examine some
more of the arguments that have been made against it. Another common
argument against it that was rehashed in the Supreme Court hearings
recently is that marriage should be for the express purpose of
procreation. Ok…so if you’re over…say…50…the state should not allow you
to marry anyone? What if you get married, and then discover that
you’re physically unable to have children – should the government step
in and declare your marriage null and void? That one has no logic
behind it.
Recently,
a politician made the point that if same sex marriage is legalized, two
heterosexual partners will get married just so they can take advantage
of the benefits. Oh…my…God…really? Well, in that case, we should
abolish heterosexual marriage too, because gay people might marry
straight people just so they can take advantage of the benefits…. What a
scary world some people live in, where danger lurks around every corner
- I’m so glad I don’t live in that world.
Then
there is the ever popular “slippery slope” argument. It basically goes
like this: if we allow homosexual marriage, people will then want to
marry goats. Yeah…so we shouldn’t allow people to eat chicken or
eventually we’ll have cannibalism, right? Oh…wait…we already allow
people to eat chicken…at establishments owned by CEO’s who are against
homosexual marriage, no less. One of the big problems with making a
slippery slope argument is that it requires one to assume that it’s
impossible that they’re already on a slippery slope. What if we’re all on a slippery slope, struggling to make it to the top?
Before
I move on from examining the arguments against same sex marriage, I’d
like to point out something interesting: you might notice most of the
arguments against it have something in common. All of them, except for
the procreation argument, are fear-based. Each one has some fear behind
it – if we legalize same sex marriage, bad things will happen. Bad
things will happen to the institution of marriage, heterosexual
marriages will be weakened, religious leaders will be persecuted, kids
will have psychological problems, people will take advantage of
marriage, the slippery slope, etc. This is interesting, because Jesus
tells us that we can know false prophets by their fruits (Matthew 7:16), and I John 4:18
tells us that there is no fear in love, but perfect love casts out
fear. So…why are all the opponents of gay marriage false prophets? I
think it’s time we examine the Biblical arguments against gay marriage.
But first, I’d like to talk about the “sin argument”.
The Problem With The “Sin Argument”
So let’s just say, just for the sake of argument, that being gay is a sin (and let’s just be clear that I do not think it is). James 2:10
says, in the NIV, that “whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at
just one point is guilty of breaking all of it.” Now, this sets up a
problem for people who want to use Old Testament passages to clobber
gays, because there are some really weird rules in the Old Testament
that ban diet, lifestyle, clothing, and more:
Wow,
that only scratches the surface…but it looks like I’ve disobeyed a lot
of commandments from the Old Testament. But that’s not all. See, a lot
of anti-equality representatives who claim to be Christian like to tell
us that it is because of homosexuality that a lot of bad things are
happening to America. Well, there’s a problem with that argument:
- The rate of homosexuals in the Unites States is between 2 and 4% of the total population.
- The rate of obesity in the United States is 35.7% of the total population.
- Gluttony is, according to the Bible, not only clearly a sin, but one of the seven deadly sins.
Ok,
so if these so-called-Christian leaders are right, and all of the
horrible things happening to us are the consequences of sin in our
nation, don’t you think it’s more likely that it’s because of gluttony
than because of homosexuality? Alright, well, let’s just say, just for
the sake of argument, that not one single pound on these obese people is
a result of overeating. Ok, well let’s look at some other sins, then.
Why
don't we start with those who commit adultery, perhaps? Those rates are
between 25 and 30% of the total population (depending on which study
you go with) and are actually higher in the evangelical population just
as are divorce rates (now isn’t that interesting?).
What
about lust? Sex surrounds us in our culture – sex sells. We’re
virtually bombarded with lust. What percentage of Americans do you
think have never, ever looked at someone other than their spouse and had
a lustful thought about them? Is there a single heteroxexual male on
the face of this planet who has never, ever looked at a pretty woman and
thought “DANG!” in response to her short skirt, or low cut blouse, or
tight shorts?
How
about lying? In the TV show “House”, Dr. House likes to say “everybody
lies”, and this has been studied and found to hold up to scientific
evidence. Again, the sin of lying has actually been named as one of the
seven deadly sins God hates in Proverbs 6:16-19.
To quote: "There are six things that the LORD hates, seven that are an
abomination to him: haughty eyes, a lying tongue, and hands that shed
innocent blood, a heart that devises wicked plans, feet that make haste
to run to evil, a false witness who breathes out lies, and one who sows
discord among brothers." I don’t know about you, but I don’t see
homosexuality anywhere in that list. I wonder why not…. You know, if
bad things are happening to America because we’ve angered God, I doubt
that it’s homosexuality that is the main cause of His anger.
Approaching The Law In Love
So
I’ve outlined a problem with approaching the Law with a legalistic,
letter of the law approach. So how should we approach it instead?
Well, in Matthew 22:37-40,
Jesus tells us that all the Law can be summed up in two commands: love
the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind, and love your
neighbor as yourself. And this concept is repeated in multiple places
in the New Testament, such as in Galatians 5:14
where Paul tells us that “the entire law is fulfilled in keeping this
one command: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’” And John tells us in I John 4:8 that God is love, and then repeats this statement in verse 16
to make sure we were paying attention and give the statement emphasis.
So when I approach the law, I think that every law God gives us comes
from and leads to love. For example – God doesn’t tell us not to commit
adultery because he’s a killjoy and he doesn’t want us to have fun. He
tells us this because He loves us, because He wants the best for us,
because He knows adultery hurts people, and because He knows monogamous
relationships are healthy for us. Now, with this concept in mind, let’s
examine the passages people use to argue against gay marriage.
The Biblical Arguments
First
off, we have to commit to using the Bible logically. I have seen
people make the “Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve” argument. Now, first
of all, I think that this is a lazy argument. But let’s think about it
for a minute. Basically, this argument could be renamed the “natural
argument” - the same basic argument is often made without an appeal to
scripture by claiming that homosexuality is not natural. But there are
some interesting things out there in nature:
There are a number of species - such as clownfish, shrimp, and African reed frogs - which can change sex when there is not enough of a balance between males and females.
-
Autoeroticism has been observed in dogs, male deer, and male monkeys.
Aphids are born pregnant. Babies giving birth to babies? Talk about unnatural…
Birds, beetles, sheep, fruit bats, dolphins, orangutans, and other species have been observed engaging in homosexual activity (one species of interest: Bonobos are considered to be bisexual).
-
-
This
is one of my personal favorites: flatworms have both male and female
sex organs, and so the mating practice includes what is referred to as penis fencing - the loser of the duel is inseminated and impregnated.
And another favorite: ever heard of parthenogenesis?
It is the ability of a creature to give birth asexually - without any
male involvement. For example, in the whipped-tail lizard species, if
there are no males around, two females will get together and engage in a
form of mimicry, with the one on top using her tail to simulate sex.
The one on the bottom will become pregnant during this, and will, of
course, give birth to clones.
Now,
this list is not to suggest that everything within would be a moral
practice by humans, but I would suggest that before appealing to nature,
one should know a little more about it. I would suggest browsing justachoice.org in order to read up on some of the scientific studies on sexuality.
I’d
like to continue going through the Biblical arguments chronologically,
but there is another Biblical argument from the New Testament that is
often used which I believe to be just another form of the first argument
- this is the use of Jesus’ words on marriage when he said in Matthew 19:5:
...for this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.
The
argument made from this verse is that this is the definition of
marriage and therefore anything not covered in this verse is invalid.
Ok, well here’s one problem with that – does saying “red and blue makes
purple” make the statement “red and yellow makes orange” false? Why did
Jesus make this statement? The purpose of this statement was to point
out the sexual double-standard that was prevalent in the culture of the
day where men could have multiple wives and have sex with their
concubines and divorce their wives by saying “I divorce you” three
times. The purpose of this statement was not to say “Adam and Eve, not
Adam and Steve, bro!”, but to highlight the fact that God is displeased
when we separate what he has joined, as Jesus then points out in verse 6.
The
use of this statement of Jesus could also be referred to as the
"traditional view of marriage" argument. And there's a problem with
this - this definition of marriage is not exactly traditional, if you're
honest. Because if you examine the Bible carefully, you'll find that
what was "traditional" in the area of marriage has changed a number of
times over the years. Take a look at the following chart:
 |
| Click to embiggen |
Wearing Boots Like a Nazi
Next up, let’s discuss Sodom, and the term Sodomy. Now why do people call certain sex acts Sodomy? Well, in Genesis 19,
God has sent his angels to check out what’s going on in the city of
Sodom, and these angels are taken in by Lot, and then some men from the
town come knocking on his door demanding that he send these strangers
out so they can have sex with them. Ok…but why are we getting hung up
on the method of the act of sin and not the act of sin itself? See, the
townsmen wanted to rape these strangers. That’s clearly detestable –
not just in the Bible, but culturally today as well. So why are we
getting hung up on the method of the rape and not the rape itself? But
there’s another problem with calling certain sex acts Sodomy – what does
the Bible say the sin of Sodom was? Ezekiel 16:49 says:
Now
this was the sin of your sister Sodom: She and her daughters were
arrogant, overfed and unconcerned; they did not help the poor and
needy.
That
doesn’t sound like gay sex to me; does it sound like gay sex to you?
See, to me I think that calling gay sex Sodomy is kind of like calling
anyone who wears boots a Nazi. There was a whole lot more wrong in
Sodom than what sex positions or methods they used, just like was a
whole lot wrong with the Nazis that had nothing to do with their choice
of clothing.
Purity Codes
The next couple verses we have to deal with come from Leviticus – 18:22 and 20:13.
Now, let’s put this into perspective before we deal with these – the
Levitical law was a set of purity codes that were based on the way the
people of the day perceived things to be. In modern day, we see a lot
of things differently. For instance – according to Leviticus, all fish
have fins (Leviticus 11:9), animals with hooves chew cud (see Leviticus 11:3-6, which also declares that rabbits chew cud), and the essence of life is contained in the blood (Leviticus 17:11).
Some scholars have also argued that Leviticus shows that the Jews
believed that the essence of life was contained in male semen, and women
were just incubation chambers. Huh, we don’t exactly believe all of
those things today now, do we? Furthermore, as I've pointed out before,
there are verses in Leviticus that Christian leaders have used to
support the idea of slavery prior to its abolition (see Leviticus 25:40-54). And as I’ve already pointed out, Leviticus also contains commands not to cut the hair on the sides of your head (19:27 – hey you, over there - your hair’s looking pretty short on the sides!), not to eat pork (11:7 - *gasp* no more southern bbq?), not to eat shrimp or shellfish (11:9), not to wear polyester/cotton blends (19:19), and to steer far away from women who are on their periods (15:19 – actually, I’m ok with keeping this one…KIDDING! SO KIDDING!).
So
what do we, who live in an enlightened scientific age, do with
Leviticus? Well, we recognize it for what it is: a good thing for the
people of Israel based on how they understood the world thousands of
years ago. Now, what you have to understand is that the culture
surrounding the Israelites back then was quite different than what it is
today. Israel was quite possibly the only culture that only worshiped
one God (side note: what's interesting is that they most likely believed
there were other gods, but just weren't allowed to worship more than
one). Most other cultures worshiped many gods, and often they would
have a fertility god, or sex god. And often, the way these cultures
would worship this “god” was to have prostitutes, both male and female,
in the temples of this “god” – this practice is known as shrine
prostitutes or shriners. Many scholars believe that the sexual purity
laws in Leviticus dealt with this problem, and warned Israelites away
from these practices. Now, shrine prostitutes are a very different
thing than monogamous relationships between two consenting adults, are
they not? I think we can all agree, no matter who we are, that the
practice of going to a temple and having sex with a prostitute in an act
of worship towards a false god is a bit repugnant, right?
But
also, to get a little technical, it’s interesting to study the language
used in the two Leviticus verses commonly used to bash homosexuality.
There is a word used in these verses that is often translated
“abomination” - a particularly effective choice of words that carries a
certain sense of doom and fear with it in the English language. But
what’s interesting is that the original Hebrew word - toevah -
could more accurately be translated as “uncleanness” or “impurity” or
“dirtiness” or “taboo”. It is that which is ritually or culturally
forbidden - this is religious law, not moral law. The significance of
the use of this term (toevah) becomes more clear when you realize that another Hebrew term, zimah, could have been used. Zimah
means, not what is objectionable for religious or cultural reasons, but
what is wrong in itself. It means an injustice, a sin. So if the
authors had intended to point out that homosexuality was morally wrong,
rather than culturally taboo, they would have used the word zimah, which they did not.
In
modern times, most Christians have no problem breaking the many purity
rules within Leviticus - we cut the hair on the sides of our head, eat
BBQ and lobster and shrimp, and wear clothing made from blends of
fabric. Why is this? Well, in Acts 10:15,
God told Peter in a vision not to call unclean what He has made clean,
and this is commonly interpreted as a license to stop observing the
Levitical purity code. So why do we think we can pick and choose some
rules from within that code to keep enforcing, and some things we can
keep calling unclean?
Actually,
this brings up something interesting, because the only other passage in
the Old Testament that is currently used against homosexuality is Deuteronomy 23:17,
which was at one point in the early 1900’s translated in the King James
to use the word “homosexual”, but which is now more accurately
translated as “shrine prostitute” – you see, in order to support their
preconceived notions that homosexuality was gross, the translators back
then willfully and intentionally picked an inaccurate translation in
order to enforce their own bigoted ideas in the church. Interesting,
hmm? Remember how I talked about testing the spirits and the fruit they
bear? Wouldn’t this be a form of lying? Wouldn't that be a bad fruit?
More Than A Woman?
Now
I'd like to delve into a story I find very interesting. When I was
growing up, this story had no special significance to me. But after
I had reconciled my views on homosexuality, I remember seeing someone
use a verse from this story in defense of affirmation, and it was like
the scales fell from my eyes and I saw this story for what it was for
the very first time in my life! It's amazing what you ignore when
you've already decided that a certain possibility is just plain
impossible (you could call that selection bias or maybe confirmation bias).
You see...there's a story in the Bible about King David and Saul's son
Jonathan. And after I had changed my views on homosexuality, I found
myself reading this story in a whole new light. And I found myself
seeing things that I was very surprised I had been unable to see before.
For this story, I go to 1st and 2nd Samuel, which is speculated to have
been written by a member of King David's court, since there are so many
intimate details in the writing. The first time Jonathan and David see
each other is in 1 Sam. 18:1-4, and the way the various translations put this is always a little interesting:
Now
when he had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was knit to
the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. Saul took
him that day, and would not let him go home to his father’s house
anymore. Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he loved him
as his own soul. And Jonathan took off the robe that was on him and
gave it to David, with his armor, even to his sword and his bow and his
belt.
Now, what most people will do is to try to spin this story into a
"brotherly love" type thing - "dude, they were bros!" But let's think
about the details of this - this was an immediate reaction upon first
sight on the part of Jonathan, and what he does afterwards by stripping
off his robe and giving it, his armor, sword, bow and belt to David?
Those are a prince's prized possessions - they are important status
symbols of a prince. It would be hard to find a cultural equivalent
today to be honest. These were identifying possessions - symbols of
Jonathan's identity, his status in society, and his authority.
So the tendency among the "traditional marriage" crowd is to say "oh,
this is just a sign of respect" - but if you put to rest the current
cultural prejudices against homosexuality and pretend this is a story
between Jonathan and a woman, how do you think you'd read this passage?
I think this would be seen as a "love at first sight" kind of thing,
don't you? Doesn't his immediate reaction after the very first time
Jonathan laid eyes on David seem like a bit more than just respect?
But let's move on with the story - one night at the dinner table, King
Saul asks "where's David?" And Jonathan speaks on his behalf about his
whereabouts. Saul's reaction is a bit surprising, in 1 Sam. 20:30:
Then
Saul’s anger was aroused against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son
of a perverse, rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen
the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of your mother’s
nakedness?"
Now this is a fascinating reaction, don't you think? And quite a sudden
mood change on Saul's part. Why do you suppose he'd get so angry so
fast? And why do you think he'd put it like that: "chosen the son of
Jesse to your own shame"? You know...it almost sounds like the
reactions some modern fathers have when their sons come out of the
closet....
But later on in the same chapter, Jonathan warns David that he'd better
lay low for a while, and this is where the two of them say goodbye in 1 Sam. 20:41-21:
As
soon as the lad had gone, David arose from a place toward the south,
fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down three times. And they
kissed one another; and they wept together, but David more so. Then
Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, since we have both sworn in the
name of the Lord, saying, ‘May the Lord be between you and me, and
between your descendants and my descendants, forever.’” So he arose and
departed, and Jonathan went into the city.
Now, you can try all you want to say things like "oh, their culture was
different back then and kissing meant different things...." But I know
what this looks like, dude. It's really hard to reconcile this as
"they're just bros, man!"
This was actually the last time David and Jonathan saw each other. At
the end of 1 Samuel, there is a battle with the Philistines where Saul
and Jonathan are killed. And in the first chapter of 2 Samuel, David is
singing a song he has composed in honor of Jonathan for his funeral -
here is a section from that song in 2 Sam. 1:26:
I am distressed for you, my brother Jonathan;
You have been very pleasant to me;
Your love to me was wonderful,
Surpassing the love of women.
Wow...let's be honest...how many bros are going to say about any
guy that their love was better than a woman? I find it really hard to
make this into a "two bros" story with language like this.
Now, the question you've got to ask yourself is - if David is really a "man after God's own heart" as it says in 1 Sam. 13:14, and David had a homosexual love affair...do you really think God hates the gays or finds what they do completely repulsive?
The Difficulty of Translating a Word
Now
we get into the New Testament. There are two verses we have to deal
with that in modern translations often use the word “sodomite” or
“homosexual” - I Corinthians 6:9-10 and I Timothy 1:9-10.
Now I’ve already outlined a problem with the usage of the word
“sodomite” to mean “homosexual” – Sodom’s sin had so much more to do
with being unloving, self-absorbed fools who cared nothing for God or
their fellow man and who forced themselves onto others to show their
controlling power, and so equating them with all homosexual people does
not seem fair to me at all. But I think what the modern Christian
really needs to do is to take a serious look at the original language
and think about translation issues, because it seems that there is a
disagreement over what the original word means. The original language
used the term “arseno-koitais” or “arsenokoites” as it is
sometimes spelled in English. It seems we have difficulty translating
this word, because along with the terms “sodomite” and “homosexual”, the
phrase “abusers of themselves with mankind” has also been used. That
last phrase is certainly difficult to summarize in one English term, but
some scholars have also said that the original Greek word literally
means “the male who has many beds” (to put it in the vernacular: a man
whore) – and so it would have more to do with promiscuity than a
monogamous homosexual relationship. Once again, if we examine the
culture of the day as a historical context, it is apparent that Romans
were very promiscuous (at least the males were) in how they treated sex,
and often practiced orgies and (once again) had sex with temple
prostitutes. So again, I do not think it is fair to equate the moral
point Paul is trying to make here with condemning monogamous homosexual
relationships between consenting adults.
To delve a little more into the difficulty behind translating the word “arsenokoites”, I should point out that this is a compound word that Paul seems to have made up. See, scholars have been unable to find any other uses of this word before Paul - so it seems like he may have actually invented the word. Now, "arseno” means “man”, and “koites” means “bed”. So it might seem
reasonable to translate this as a homosexual male, but there’s one big
problem with that: there were other words that were commonly used in the
time when Paul wrote this that indicated a homosexual male. So why
would Paul make up a new word if that’s what he wanted to communicate?
And to illustrate this further, here is a list of other “koites” words:
- doulo·koitEs: consorter with slaves (slave-bedder)
- deuteron·koite: to have a bed-fellow (two-bedder)
- polu·koitos: promiscuity (many-bedder)
- homo·koitos: bedfellow (same-bedder)
- enOto·koitEs: with ears large enough to sleep in (ears·bed), or possibly one with an ear fetish
And then, within this scheme, there is already a word which was commonly used to indicate sex with a man:
Dale Martin of Yale University is a prominent researcher of the meaning of the word “arsenokoites”, and he commented (found in “Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality” by Robert L. Brawley):
I should be clear about my claims here. I am not claiming to know what arsenokoites meant, I am claiming that no one knows what it meant.
I
think that to understand the meaning of these two passages, we need to
understand the larger point that Paul is making – Paul is not merely
pointing at certain types of sin and calling them sin here. In the I Corinthians passage, he says that all these kinds of people will not inherit the kingdom of God. But then he immediately turns around in verse 11
and says “and that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you
were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ
and by the Spirit of our God.” Does Paul mean to say that all of the
people in the Corinthian church are now living perfect lives that are in
full compliance with the Jewish law?
And then in I Timothy 1, if you look at the whole context starting at verse 8 and reading on to verse 11,
Paul is talking about how the law was not written for the righteous but
for all these different types of people. When you take all of this in
context with all the things Paul has said in his many writings about the
law, and how the law does not save us, I think we can get a picture of
the purpose of the law for a Christian not being something to shame us
and imprison us in guilt, but to illuminate our need for Jesus, and to
encourage us to put aside anything that would get in the way of our
command to love God and make him a greater part of our lives, or the
command to love other people. Now, in that light, it is much easier to
make a case that leading a sexually promiscuous life - sharing your bed
with many partners - is not being loving towards other people in that
you may leave damage in your wake in the form of other people’s hurt
feelings, and a case could also be made that this kind of lifestyle will
distract one from the love of God and become an idol. It is more
difficult, however, to make a case that a monogamous homosexual
relationship does the same. And so I lean towards the “the male who has
many beds” translation of “arseno-koites” as being one that makes more sense with what Paul is trying to get at in these two passages.
What Is Natural?
Next,
we have a well known passage that has been used for the purpose of
gay-bashing. And this one is, perhaps, the most difficult to reconcile,
as it seems to be the one that most clearly describes homosexuality as a sin. In Romans 1:26-27,
Paul talks about women exchanging “natural sexual relations for
unnatural ones”, and men abandoning “natural relations with women and
[being] inflamed with lust for one another.” This seems to be the most
clear condemnation of homosexuality in the Bible, right?
Maybe not so much. But before I get into that…
One thing I’d like to point out is how the passage starts out in verse 18
- Paul speaks of the wrath of God being revealed from heaven against
godlessness and wickedness. Perhaps traditionalists need to learn how
to take a back seat and allow things to run their due course, rather
than trying to control things and mete out God’s wrath themselves?
Now getting directly into Romans 1:26-27,
what I’d really like my readers to pay special attention to is the
words “natural” and “unnatural” in this passage. The whole argument
hinges upon the assumption that homosexual humanoids are actually
engaging in unnatural acts. But if people can be born with homosexual
desires, would it really be unnatural for them to engage in homosexual
relations?
Studying
into the history of Rome sheds more light on this passage, I feel.
Because you find that in Rome during this time period, temple prostitution was a common practice.
Included in these practices were customs where married women would
engage in sexual acts with prostitutes, and men would engage in sexual
acts with boy prostitutes, all part of the “worship” of fertility gods
and fertility goddesses. So this would be a pretty clear case of a
heterosexual engaging in a practice that was not natural for them. For
more on this topic, see this article.
But
there’s another way of looking at the passage as well. You see, part
of the problem with debates like these is that we are using the Bible
like a constitution - like good little lawyers, we pull a little phrase
like “right to bear arms” completely out of context and we think that we
can then ignore the fact that, within the context, this passage is speaking of militias.
But we forget that the Bible was not written with chapters and verses.
We put those in later, and I think all too often they are a
distraction. Romans was a letter, and was meant to be read all the way through.
And what you find when you do this is that Paul is playing a delicate
balancing game - he’s got a divided church made up of Jews and Gentiles,
and these two groups are at each other’s throats. The overall purpose
of Romans is to bring these two groups together in unity, and so Paul
plays this delicate balancing game by strategically going back and forth
between the two groups and pointing out problems with their arguments
while sometimes affirming them as well. And when you realize this, you
notice that the first verse of “chapter 2” says:
You,
therefore, have no excuse, you who pass judgment on someone else, for
at whatever point you judge another, you are condemning yourself,
because you who pass judgment do the same things.
When you start to put the puzzle together, you might realize that Paul is playing a rhetorical game
here. In “chapter 1”, he seems to be confirming the Jews’
condemnations against “those dirty Gentiles”, but when you get to
“chapter 2”, you realize that it’s possible that this might have all
been satirical or sarcastic. He might have really been setting up the
Jews to smack them upside the head in “chapter 2”. So the question then
becomes: is the point of these two verses to legalistically pick out
what sins others are committing, or are we supposed to be focusing on
unity and love?
Actually, there's a pretty good argument to be made that Paul was speaking rhetorically in Romans 1:18-32
- because if he wasn't, then either Paul disagrees with himself, or
Luke was in err about Paul's views on the idolatrous. If you take a
look at how Paul treats the people of Athens in Acts 17:22-31,
he is surprisingly merciful towards their idolatry. In this story, it
is only because of the people's ignorance that they worship idols, and
all that needs to be done is to calmly and lovingly point these
idolaters towards the truth. But this does not mesh well with Romans 1:18-20
- because if Paul is not being rhetorical, then he seems to believe
that there is no excuse for idolatry. Idolaters are wicked people who
are ignoring the truth that is absolutely clear and plainly made known
to them, and they are without excuse - so God is going to pour out his
wrath on them! So which is it, Paul? Are idolaters ignorant and to be
treated with mercy, or are we to look on them with disgust because they
have no excuse? Or perhaps Paul is speaking rhetorically in Romans 1:18-32,
and it would be a mistake to take something from this passage out of
context in order to use it as a proof-text against your pet sin....
What about Jesus?
At
this point, I’d like to pose the question: what did Jesus think about
this subject? Well, it’s difficult to say - some have used the
“argument from silence” strategy to say that this should not be a
concern at all:
But this may not be entirely accurate. You see, there are a few interesting passages in regards to this topic.
In Matthew 8:5-13 and paralleled in Luke 7:1-10,
there is a story of a centurion who comes to Jesus, and asks Jesus to
heal his servant. Jesus indicates that he is willing to come to the
centurion’s house, but the centurion says that he understands authority,
as he himself is a man of authority and he speaks his commands and they
are done. Jesus indicates his amazement at the centurion’s faith, and
pronounces the servant healed. Now, you might think this is just
another miracle story. But there’s something interesting about this
story. One must first of all ask - why the special attention to one
servant? Centurions were not well known for being compassionate people
who would care for the wellbeing of their many servants, so what’s going
on here? Well, I think this becomes a little more clear when we
examine the original language. The Greek word used in Matthew’s account
is pais.
Now it is true that this word has multiple meanings - as you will find
most Greek words do (or words in any language for that matter). There
were three common meanings of this word: a male child (boy or son), a
servant/slave, or a male concubine.
Now, the most common objection that would be raised as people realize where I’m going with this is that it wasn’t necessarily a male concubine. This is true. However, there are some other clues. In the Luke account (Luke 7:1-10), the writer uses the phrase entimos doulos to describe this pais. This phrase - entimos doulos
- literally means “honored slave”. This was no ordinary slave, but was
a special slave - a slave that was regarded with affection by the
centurion.
A second clue is that in the Matthew passage (Matthew 8:5-13), the centurion switches from using pais to describe the particular servant/slave he wants Jesus to heal, to using doulos
when he’s describing how he is able to issue commands to his
servants/slaves and they obey him. So this clearly shows that the pais
in question is no ordinary servant/slave, and when a master pays
special attention to one of his servants/slaves it could only mean one
thing in that culture: this servant was his master’s lover.
So
when we take this perspective back to the beginning of the story, you
can imagine more clearly what is going on. This centurion is a
respected man - he has status and a reputation in his community. People
look up to him. This centurion comes to Jesus and asks Jesus to heal
his sick pais.
Jesus says “ok, I’ll follow you to your house.” But for Jesus to do
this - and most likely have a number of people from the surrounding
crowd follow them - would reveal that this pais was the third kind of pais (a male concubine) rather than the second kind (servant/slave). The centurion doesn’t want
Jesus to come to his house. He doesn’t want to cause a fuss, and he
doesn’t want to publicly reveal his secret, which might ruin his
reputation. So I wonder if the next thing this centurion said to Jesus
might have even been whispered to him? I wonder if he emphasized doulos
when he spoke of his other servants/slaves in order to help Jesus pick
up on the clue? If he spoke this loud enough for the crowd to hear, I
wonder if some of the audience members picked up on the clue and got
tense? “What’s Jesus going to do?” they might think. Jesus’ response:
“I have not found faith like this in all of Israel!” Not only does
Jesus not
condemn this centurion for his homosexuality, but he also insults his
home country (and most likely a majority of the surrounding audience)!
And then, without another word, Jesus indicates that the servant is
healed and sends the centurion off. No sermon on changing his wicked
ways, not even a “go and sin no more” as Jesus said to the adulterous
woman in John 8:11.
All Jesus does is proclaim that the servant is healed, and send the
Centurion back home - badda bing, badda boom, done. So the question you
have to ask yourself is: did Jesus just affirm a gay couple?
But there’s another interesting statement Jesus makes - in Matthew 19:11-12, Jesus states:
Not everyone can accept this word, but only those to whom it has been given. 12 For
there are eunuchs who were born that way, and there are eunuchs who
have been made eunuchs by others—and there are those who choose to live
like eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who can
accept this should accept it.
In
this passage, Jesus outlines three kinds of eunuchs - some born that
way, some who were made eunuchs by others, and some who choose to live
like eunuchs. Now, I was always taught that there was only one kind of
eunuch - a man who was castrated. So what’s Jesus talking about? Is it
really a common enough phenomenon for a man to be born without the
proper equipment that he’d even think it worth a mention? And are there
really men who just choose to cut...well, you know.
These
questions led me to look into the history of the word “eunuch”, and
what exactly it meant in that culture. It is with this question in mind
that I approached the investigation. Now, the word we translate as
eunuch literally means “guardian or keeper of the couch”, and eunuchs
have been referred to in some literature as “trusted ones”. The reason
for this is that it was common for eunuchs to hold the office of “bed
holder” - they would be posted as guards of royal harems (or sometimes
the guardians of the Queen herself). You see, you wouldn’t want to post
a guard who would be tempted to use “the goods” he was guarding, so
you’d post someone who had no desire or ability. The early church
father Clement of Alexandrea (150 AD - 215 AD) wrote a couple of
interesting things about eunuchs:
Many
are eunuchs; and these panders serve without suspicion those that wish
to be free to enjoy their pleasures, because of the belief that they are
unable to indulge in lust. But a true eunuch is not one who is unable,
but one who is unwilling, to indulge in pleasure.
(Paedagogus, III, 4.)
"Not
all can receive this saying; there are some eunuchs who are so from
their birth, others are so of necessity." And their explanation of this
saying is roughly as follows: Some men from their birth, have a natural
sense of repulsion from a woman….
(The Stromata, III. 1.1.)
Now
it seems pretty clear from these statements that the people of the
culture did not have one simple category of “eunuch” - being only made
up of men who have lost the ability or never had the ability to engage
in sexual activities with a woman. Rather, there is this sense that a
“true eunuch” is one who has no desire for this. Now, of course Jesus
has outlined a third category in the Matthew 19:11-12 passage - “those who choose to live like
eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven.” [emphasis mine] I
believe that this refers to monks - men who choose to forsake the
pleasures of the world in order to focus entirely upon building the
kingdom of heaven. So Jesus outlines three categories of eunuchs - ones
made eunuchs, ones born that way, and ones who choose to live that way,
and then he states: “The one who can accept this should accept it.”
To flesh this out even further, I want to examine a story in Acts 8:26-40
- the story of Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch. There are some
interesting things to note about this story if you’re very observant and
have a detailed knowledge of the Bible. You see, we can now approach
this story with the question: which category of eunuch is this
Ethiopian?
Well,
before I get into that, I’d like to point out what precedes the story:
Philip has just come from preaching the gospel in Samaria. Now this is
of special importance, I feel, because we need to realize the way the
Jews felt about Samaritans - there was a very deep seated prejudice
against them! Samaritans were despised because they were not full Jews,
and they did not worship at the temple - in fact, it was part of their
belief system not
to worship at the temple, and so this was a point of contention as the
Jews held the temple as sacred. So Philip has just been preaching the
gospel to outcasts, and has had much success doing so!
Then
he is told by an angel to go south. And along the way, a chariot
carrying this Ethiopian passes by Philip, and Philip hears the Ethiopian
reading out loud from Isaiah. The passage tells us that this eunuch
was “a eunuch of great authority under Candace the queen of the
Ethiopians, who had charge of all her treasury, and had come to
Jerusalem to worship.” (verse 27)
The next verse shows us that the Ethiopian man was returning to his
home from Jerusalem. Now the fact that this eunuch has just come from
Jerusalem is a clue - because if you read the Old Testament law, you
find this little clue in Deuteronomy 23:1:
No one who has been emasculated by crushing or cutting may enter the assembly of the Lord.
Now
there are two possible scenarios here - neither of which are good for
you if you are wanting to make the case that homosexuality is a serious
sin which we should be busybodies about. Keeping in mind the three
kinds of eunuchs Jesus has outlined, I do not think it likely that this
was the “monk” kind, as the passage has told us that this eunuch was a
eunuch of great authority under Candace the queen. So it is either the
castrated kind, or the kind who is naturally repulsed by women and was
born that way. If it is the castrated kind, than what most likely
happened is that this Ethiopian went to the temple in Jerusalem to
worship, and was turned away because of this law. And if this is the
case, then you have a situation where, because of the freedom found in
the gospel of Christ, Philip has given this man direct access into the real
holy of holies: the Ethiopian sees some water and says “look, why can’t
I be baptized?” And this is obviously a rhetorical answer as Philip
simply takes him down to the water and baptizes him. And this would be a
good model of how the gospel of Jesus is extended to those who are
outcasts because of legalism.
But
the other possibility - and the one that is perhaps more likely - is
that this was the “repulsed by women” kind of eunuch. The reason this
seems more likely is because we see later on in the book of Acts that
there is this big debate in the church: what do we do about the
gentiles? Should they be getting circumcised and following the Old
Testament laws? Should we even be associating with them? And it’s not
until Acts chapter 10 that Peter receives the vision from God where he
sees the unclean animals being lowered on a sheet and hears the voice
telling him to eat, and saying “do not call anything impure that God has
made clean.” So, because of this, it seems more likely that if this
had been the castrated category of eunuch, there might have been at
least a slight hesitation from Philip about baptism. As Brian McLaren wrote about this passage:
As
they pass a body of water, the man then asks if there is anything that
could hinder him from being baptized. Anything that could hinder him -
his race? His sexual identity?
Imagine
what Philip might have said: "I need to contact the authorities in
Jerusalem to get a policy statement on this issue. Maybe we should wait a
few centuries until the church is more established. Baptizing you could
cause real controversy in our fragile religious community. In the
interests of not offending people back home, I'll have to say no. Or at
least not yet."
But
Philip doesn't answer with words; he responds with immediate action.
They stop the chariot, and Philip leads him into the water and baptizes
him.
And
this is the scandalous nature of the gospel of Jesus - a community that
welcomes those who are outcasts without regards for taboo or legalism!
This is what we should be today, if we are to call ourselves followers
of Christ!
I seems clear to me that the Biblical case against
homosexuality stands on very shaky grounds, while the Biblical case for
love of our fellow man is exceptionally strong. Jesus said that the
greatest commandment was to love God, and the second was like it: love
your neighbor as yourself - meaning to put yourself in your neighbor’s shoes in the spirit of empathy.
If
homosexual acts are indeed a sin (for which I find the case to be very
thin), then what I find most curious is that such special attention is
given to them. Even an act as heinous as murder is not judged without
first taking into account the context it occurred within, and is given
leniency when mental disorders or self-protection are involved. But
with homosexuality, there often seems to be a swift, merciless
reaction. And Christians have taken a very small handful of verses that
seem to be more about homosexual gang rape, orgies, and wild sexual
abandon and have equated these things with monogamous, consensual
homosexual relationships. Then these things are judged without any
thought for nuance.
But
even if it is indeed a sin, would we want our own sins judged in the
same way that we all too often judge homosexuality? Would we want to be
cast out of a congregation for eating that second piece of cake,
because this is gluttonous? Would we want to be denied the opportunity
to be involved in leadership in our congregations because we made up a
little story to explain a very sensitive situation to our kids (well,
that’s lying and it’s a deadly sin)? Would we want to be treated as
outcasts because we wore a shirt made out of two different kinds of
fabric, or had an angry thought once, or saw a woman in a bikini and
thought “whoah” (well, maybe not cast out - maybe we should just gouge
out an eye)?
And
so I implore my Christian brethren - do not judge. Love. I believe
that everything else will work itself out if we only seek to live a life
grounded in love - for love is the fulfillment of the law (Romans 13:10). I beg my brethren to listen to all sides of this matter and to be slow to judgment, quick to embrace in love.
Think of it this way: all existence is grounded in relationship. I would not exist were it not for the relationship my parents had, and I would not have continued to have life after I began to exist if it were not for relationships, nor would I have known anything I claim to know if it were not for relationships. In the classic Christmas movie "It's A Wonderful Life", George Bailey learns that he has touched many lives in a profound way. He sees that if his own life had been removed from the tapestry of history, many other lives would experience loss. We are all the same way - our lives are dependent on the lives of others for their ground of being. Without the many lives whose paths we had crossed, we would be very different people, and if you removed enough threads from the tapestry of life, we would cease to exist. Every being exists within a web of relationships through which that being's character is shaped.
What panentheism teaches us is that all beings are interrelated. When you eat a piece of bread, you are not just eating bread. The grain from which this bread was made was nourished by sunlight, it grew using the nutrients from the earth, the water from the clouds, and the air. So when you eat this bread, you are eating sunlight, earth, clouds, and air. And you are benefiting from the work of the people who tilled the fields this grain grew in, and the work of the baker. So you are experiencing interrelatedness with each bite of bread.
